Intermediates

Intermediates are chemical compounds formed during the various stages of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production. They are essentially the “building blocks” in the multi-step synthesis process that eventually leads to the final API. Intermediates are not the finished product but play a crucial role in ensuring the successful creation of high-quality APIs.

These intermediates can be classified as key starting materials (KSMs) or other intermediates, depending on where they fall within the synthesis process. The production and handling of intermediates are subject to stringent regulations to ensure they meet purity and quality requirements, as any impurities could carry over to the final API.

Intermediates are also an important part of the global pharmaceutical supply chain. Many intermediates are manufactured by specialized companies and then sold to API producers, fostering collaboration within the industry. The complexity of these intermediates can vary significantly, depending on the sophistication of the API being synthesized.

APIIntermediate NameCAS No.
Fluconazole1-(2,4-Diflurophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1yl)-ethanone (DFTA)873055-58-4
Voriconazole(2R, 3S/2S, 3R)-3-(5-Fluoropyrimidin-4-yl)-2-(2,4-di-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4 triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol {Racemic Voriconazole}873055-58-4
(2R, 3S)-2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoropyrimidine-4yl)-1-(1H-1,2,4 triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol {camphor sulfonate1327234-71-0
Posaconazole(S)-(+)-4Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone99395-88-7
(R)-(-)-4-Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone90319-52-1
EfavirenzCyclopropyl Acetylene6746-94-7
Cyclopropyl Methyl Ketone765-43-5
Valganciclovir HclN-2-Acetylguanine19962-37-9
CBZ-valganciclovir194154-40-0
Mono-o-acetate Ganciclovir88110-89-8
Triacetylganciclovir86357-14-4
1,3-Dichloro-2-(acetoxymethoxy)propane89281-73-2
1,3-Diacetoxy-2-(acetoxymethoxy)propane86357-13-3
Vildagliptin (2S)-1-(Chloroacetyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile207557-35-5
L-Prolinamide7531-52-4
3-Amino-1-hydroxyadamantane702-82-9
1-Adamantanamine hydrochloride665-66-7
3-amino-1-adamantanol702-82-9
Linagliptin(R)-3-(Boc-Amino)piperidine309956-78-3
N-Boc Linagliptin668273-75-4
8-Bromo-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-(4-methyl-quinazolin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione853029-57-9
2-(Cloromethyl)-4-methylquinazoline109113-72-6
8-Bromo-7-(but-2-yn-1-yl)-3-methyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione666816-98-4
Imeglimin HydrochlorideImeglimin base775351-65-0
N2,N2,6-trimethyl-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine757178-57-7
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4-diamine,3,6-dihydro-N2,N2,6-trimethyl-, (6R)-, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate1016979-78-4
Sitagliptin PhosphateTert-butyl N-[(2R)-4-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-6,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7-yl]-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-2-yl]carbamate486460-23-5
3-(Trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine hydrochloride762240-92-6
Boc-(R)-3-Amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid486460-00-8
(3R)-3-Amino-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7-yl]-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one486460-32-6
Dapagliflozin(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-tris(triMethylsilyloxy)-6-((triMethylsilyloxy)Methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one32384-65-9
(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-2-(Acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate461432-25-7
Losartan Potassium(1-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)-2-butyl-4-chloro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanol114798-26-4
NirmatrelvirMethyl(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)propanote (SM1)328086-60-8
3-Pyrrolidinepropanamide,α-amino-2-oxo-,hydrochloride (T13)2628280-48-6
(1R,2S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-aza-bicylo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride (SM2)565456-77-1
Rivaroxaban2-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[[4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]amino]propyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione446292-07-5
2-([(5S)-2-oxo-3-[4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione446292-08-6
4-[4-[(5S)-5-(Aminomethyl)-2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl]phenyl]-3-morpholinone hydrochloride898543-06-1
Tapendatol HCl(S)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one850222-40-1
(2S,3R)-1-(Dimethylamino)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpentan-3-ol809282-20-0
(betaR,gammaR)-gamma-Ethyl-3-methoxy-N,N,beta-trimethylbenzenepropanamine175591-22-7
2R,3R)-1-(DiMethylaMino)-3-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Methylpentan-3-ol hydrochloride175590-75-7
Lamivudine(1R,2S,5R)-Menthyl-(2R,5S)-5-(4-amino-2-oxo-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-[1,3 oxathiolene-2-carboxylic acid147027-10-9
92R-cis)hidroxybenzoate-4-amino-1-[(2-hidroxy-methyl)-1,3-oxat iolan-5-il]-2-(1H)-pirimidinone173522-96-8
Emtricitabine(2R,5S)-5-(4-Amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl)-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid,(1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl ester764659-72-5
Darunavir/ Darunavir Ethanolate4-Amino-N-((2R,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutylbenzenesulfonamide169280-56-2
(3aS,4S,6aR)-4-methoxy-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-b]furan-2(3H)-one866594-60-7
[(3R,3aS,6aR)-Hydroxyhexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furanyl Succinimidyl Carbonate253265-97-3
Ritonavir1-(2-isopropylthiazol-4-yl)-N-methylmethanamine dihydrochloride1185167-55-8
[(S)-2-(3-((2-isopropylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)-3-methylureido)-3-methylbutanoic acid]154212-61-0
[4-nitrophenyl thiazol-5-ylmethyl carbonate]144163-97-3
Lopinavir2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetic acid13335-71-2
(S)-3-methyl-2-(2-oxotetrahydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl-butanoic acid192725-50-1
Raltegravir Potassium[1-[4-[[(4-fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl]-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl]-1-methylethyl]carbamate)518048-02-7
5-Methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylic acid potassium salt888504-28-7
Abacavir Sulfate(1R,4S)-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol hydrchloride287717-44-6
2-amino-4,6-dichloro-5-formamidopyrimidine171887-03-9
Rilpivirine Hcl4-[(4-hydroxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]benzonitrilr189956-45-4
4[(4-Chloro-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]nenzonitrile244768-32-9
4-Iodo-2,6-dimethylaniline4102-53-8
3-(4-amino-3,5-dimethylphenylprop-2-enamide500292-92-2
(E)-3-(4-Amino-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-propenenitrile hydrchloride661489-23-2
TigecyclineN-tert-Butylglycine HCl6939-23-7
9-Amino Minocycline HCl149934-21-4
9-Amino Minocycline Sulfate149934-20-3
Minoxidil4-Chloro-2,6-diaminopyramidine156-83-2
Oxcarbazepine10-Methoxyiminostilbene4698-11-7*
Isavuconazole(2R,3R)-3-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-Methyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)thiobutyramide368421-58-3
4-(2-bromoacetyl)benzonitrile20099-89-2
Glycine, N-[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]-Nmethyl-[2-[[(1-cholroethoxy)carbonyl]Methylamino]-3-pyridinyl]methylester338990-31-1
TirzepatideAEEA-AEEA1143516-05-5
Fmoc-L-Lys[C20-OtBu-Glu(OtBu)-AEEA-AEEA]OH2915356-76-0
Ly10011188328-37-1
N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-alanine207291-76-7
Fmoc-L-Lys(Dde)-OH150629-67-7
Fmoc-his(Trt)-OH109425-51-6
Fmoc-D-Trp(Boc)-OH163619-04-3
RetatrutideFmoc-L-Lys-[C20-OtBu-Glu(OtBu)-AEEA]-OH2612237-97-3
AZD-53052589531-76-8
2-Pyridincarboxamide,N-methyl-5-(1-piperazinyl)-2259835-10-2
2-Trifluoromethyl Thioxanthone1693-28-3
Triethylamine121-44-8
4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzoic acid112704-79-7
Methyl(S)-2-(Boc-amino)-3-[(S)-2-oxo-3-pyrrolidinyl]propanoate328086-60-8
2,3-Dihydroxypyridine16867-04-2
2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetonitrile68119-31-3
1-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylicacid862574-88-7
DMF-DMA4637-24-5
Favipiravir2-pyrazinecarboxamide,3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-sodium salt (1:1)1237524-82-1
Bedaquiline FumarateN-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3-phenyl-propionamide316146-27-7
3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-chloroquinoline654655-68-2
3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline654655-69-3
3-(dimethylamino)-1-(napthalene-1-yl)propan-1-one hydrochloride5409-58-5